Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Volume:16 Issue: 6, 2012

The most common reason for discontinuing use of Depo- Provera contraceptive is due to their association with menstrual disorders. The injectable hormonal contraceptive Cyclofem has been marketed worldwide to reduce menstrual disorders such as spotting and amenorrhea. How extent of these methods can be effective in reducing these disorders is unclear. This study was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of Cyclofem and Depo-provera on menstrual bleeding patterns. In this clinical trial, 64 women (30 Person in Cyclofem users group and 34 Person in Depo – Provera users group) with normal menstrual blood flow participated, Candidate were placed in two groups randomly. The first injection of Depo – Provera and Cyclofem was administered within the first 5 days of menstrual cycle. Bleeding events of women were recorded in the menstrual diary card during these three months and then collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18. At the end of 3 months, 76.7 % of the group who received Cyclofem and 55.9% Depo- Provera users had normal menstrual cycles. Irregular bleeding was the most common presenting abnormal pattern for both groups (20-26%). Average of bleeding and spotting days was 21 ± 2.5 in Cyclofem and 22 ± 1.9 in Depo- Provera. However, there was no significant difference between groups. ‍ This study have been prove that in the first three months of use of Cyclofem and Depo –Provera, there were no significant difference in bleeding patterns menstrual.

This study was based on the fact that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is increasing rapidly especially among the middle aged group. Identification of the disease by using an accurate and noninvasive method is of great importance. For this reason in this study, comparison of two methods of the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection (the presence of antibody in the serum and antigen in the stool) using ELISA tests with gold standard method were carried out. Blood samples were taken from 192 patients who for various reasons indicated endoscopy for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and are referred to the Taleghani hospital. The presence of antibody against Helicobacter pylori were checked in serum samples and at the same time stool samples were also collected from each patient and the presence of antigen in the stool samples were also checked. Using the gold standard method, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative productive values for both methods were determined and the results for ELISA that recognized the antibody in sera were 91.6, 85.4, 86.0, 91.0 and for ELISA that recognized the antigen in stool samples were 96.8, 97.9, 97.9, 96.9 respectively. ‍ Our results shows that stool antigen testing is more accurate compared with the antibody detection in the serum samples.

HNPCC (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) is the most common type of hereditary colorectal cancers. Germ line mutations in different DNA mismatch repair genes (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) are associated with HNPCC. But still there has not been any report from Iran. The purpose of this study is to evaluate MSI and MMR gene mutation among a group of Iranian patients with the clinical diagnosis of HNPCC. In this cross-sectional study 94 patients (m/f=1.41) who fulfilled at least on of the Bethesda criteria were assessed. MSI analysis was performed in all cases. SSCP was used as screening test in all cases to select highly probable MMR mutation for DNA sequencing. Information analyzed by Chi2, Fisher exact, independent t-test with SPSS16 and EPI6 soft wares. MSI analysis shows 41.5% MSI-H, 17% MSI-L, and 41.5% MSS in this study. There were 18 (19.1%) band shift in SSCP results, which was include 8 mutations after DNA sequencing. ‍ The pattern of MMR mutations in Iranian patients differs from the reports of other countries. The evaluation of the histopathology and clinical features of colorectal cancer burdens in Iran and also the frequency additional HNPCC genes remain as a point of concern.

Domestic violence against women is a subject with considerable attention and as an important public health problem worldwide, and despite numerous studies about the consequences of domestic violence on women's mental health, there are still many unknown aspects. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of domestic violence and its role mental health in women referred to health centers under the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services in 2010-2011. A cross-sectional multistage cluster sample survey was performed on 500 patients who were referred to health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and health services. In this study were age range between 15-65years and lack of depression during the life. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire on violence and SCL90. Woman was considered violated when she had given at least 1 positive answer to the related question. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis of SPSS and chi-square and Mann Whitney test. The result showed that %84.8 (424 cases) of women have experienced different types of domestic violence in life. The emotional violence with the %81.2 had the highest prevalence, and sexual and physical violence (%41.8 and %40.4 respectively) were the next category. Comparison mental state of two groups of abused and non-abused women based on nine subscales of the original SCL-90 and General Severity Index (GSI) showed that in all dimensions, the violent group’s scores were much higher than the non- violent group’s scores. Mann-Whitney test was showed significant differences in 9 primary symptom dimension subscales: somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychosis (P <0.01). ‍ Domestic Violence against women persists at epidemic levels in Iran and it appears to have considerable compact on field of mental health.

Hospitalization has been recognized as a critical event in the life of elderly persons that is associated with increased risk of functional decline and cognitive impairment. On the other hand, optimal cognitive function is a crucial factor for improving the quality of life of elderly people. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between cognitive impairment and functional decline in hospitalized elderly people. This research is a cross-sectional study with sample size 400 was done in 2011, with convenience sampling of hospitalized elders. Data collected by two instruments, first questionnaire contain two parts; demographic characteristics and Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test and second questionnaire was Modified Barthel Index. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and Chi- square test or Fisher exact test and Logistic regression model using SPSS version 17. The mean and SD of participant's age was 76/28 ± 8/3, 10/3% of them was 60-64, 12%; 65-69, 13% 70-74, 26/3% 75-79, 38/4% over 80 years old. The most frequency of them was 80 and over years old. Finding indicated, there is relation between diagnosis and age with cognition status and between age and diagnosis with functional status and between cognitive impairment and functional decline in activity daily living. This study suggested chance ratio of cognition impairment in people with functional decline is 9/57 in comparing with independent functional status, in adverse chance ratio of functional decline in people with cognition impairment 8/7 in comparing with safe cognition status. ‍ There is relation between functional decline and cognitive impairment in hospitalized elders. Promoting functional status, mobility and cognition status should be major goals of elders’ rehabilitation and primary assessment functional and cognition status in elder's evaluation in care placement is necessity.

Due to refer patients with thoracolumbar fractures, and the importance of treatment results in these patients, type of treatment, prediction of treatment outcome, the shortcomings of the current scoring In these patients, reports of success of scoring Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System (TLICS) and lack of experience in Iran, Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the score of TLICS and evaluate the success of this method in patients who referred to Imam Hossein hospital during 2008-2010. Descriptive analysis study was conducted. All patients who had undergone surgery due to the thoracolumbar fractures were studied. Clinical and radiologic data, classifying the trauma according to the Frankel classification, the Magerl/AO classification, and the TLICS score for fractures were evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed by Fisher's exact test and correlation coefficient. The study was conducted on 67 eligible patients during two years. The average age of the patients was 30 ± 11 years (range 19-60 years), and the average follow-up time was 18 months (range 6-24 months). 63 (94%) of patients had a TLICS score≥4. The TLICS score ranged from 2 to 9 (average of 6.5). Frankel classification status remained unchanged in 61 of cases and 6 of them had some improvement. A statistic correlation was established between the neurologic status and the TLICS score (P< 0.004). An elevated correlation coefficient were found between the AO type fracture and Frankel classification status with the TLICS score (r=0.8) and (r= 0.78) respectively. ‍ It seems that the TLICS score is a good approach in determining the severity of thoracolumbar fractures and the prediction of surgical management. Our results will need to be confirmed with further clinical trial studies.

Opioid poisoning is one of the most dangerous and common poisoning in Iranian children. According to changing in the pattern of opium abuse in adult and dramatically increasing of methadone poisoning in recent years, this new study was conducted in children referred to Loghman-Hakim Hospital in 6 months in 2009. In this descriptive study, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings and treatment protocol of 31 methadone poisoned child were studied. Patients were 16 (51.6%) boys and 15 (48.4%) girls with a mean age of 55 months (ages ranging from 4 months to 12 years). Methadone was fed to them accidentally. Onset of symptoms of poisoning was 1.53 hours after taking the methadone that represented the long period between ingestion and symptoms. Clinical manifestations were: lethargy (75%), miosis (68%), vomiting (61%), respiratory depression (57%) and apnea (40%).The most common laboratory finding was respiratory acidosis (69%) followed by leukocytosis (55.2%), hyponatremia (17%) and long QT interval (23.8%). The duration of naloxone infusion was 51 hours and in 3 patients the symptoms reappeared after discontinuation of naloxone drip and this time was higher in apnostic patient (p<0.001). Aspiration pneumonia was occurred in 17% of apnostic patient (p <0.022). More than half of patients referred to hospital without any effective treatment. ‍ Opioid intoxication including opium and methadone poisoning are severe and life-threatening in children. Long treatment with naloxone and reappearing of symptoms after discontinuation of naloxone in this poisoning should be considered.

It’s common that researcher’s works are published in form of research design and dissertation before that they are published in form of books. With regard to this issue, always significant amount of budget of government and researcher’s energy and time are spent for research design. Citation analysis is one of the most widely used methods in evaluating the research performance of scholars. In this study, a citation analysis of approved research project of Kashan University of Medical Science during 1990-2009 was used. This research is a descriptive study and 396 research designs which were done in Kashan University of Medical Science during 1990-2009 were analyzed by citation analysis methods. Data were gathered via checklists. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics methods by SPSS software version11.5. After gathering information and analyzing them, a description of the paper like: total number of citations, their average number of citations per article, distribution of the cited sources, language of citations, and their half-life have been presented. For distinguishing core journals, Bradford' law has been used. 396 research designs were published in Kashan University of Medical Science during 1990-2009. Finding of this study shows that 13812 citations extracted from 396 research design. Average citation number for each research design was almost 35. The highest percent of citations was belonging to English journals. Average citation half-life of Iranian journals is 12 years whilst English Journals is 16 years. Bradford’ law applied on cited English journals in order to determine the most used journals (19 core journals). Results show the importance of English journals as the most important resources of special information. Medical library will have a better acquisition and is cost-effective for saving budget by providing a checklist of core journals. Faculty member will organize their study by study of these journals.